The Four O’Clock plant, known scientifically as Mirabilis jalapa, is a stunning addition to any garden with its vibrant, trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom late in the day. This perennial can reach heights of up to 3 feet (90 cm), spreading wide to form a bushy cluster of colorful blooms. The plant gets its name because its flowers typically open in the late afternoon, releasing a sweet fragrance. Despite its delicate appearance, Four O’Clock is tough, adaptable, and easy to grow, making it a favorite among both novice and seasoned gardeners.
History and Ideal Growing Conditions
Four O’Clock is native to tropical South America, primarily Peru, and has been cultivated worldwide for centuries. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and quickly became popular for its vibrant colors and low-maintenance care.
This plant thrives in USDA zones 7-11, where it can be grown as a perennial. In cooler zones, gardeners treat it as an annual, as it doesn’t tolerate frost well. Four O’Clock prefers full sun but can handle partial shade. It thrives in well-drained, moderately rich soil, and once established, it is fairly drought-tolerant.
Toxicity and Pets
Unfortunately, the Four O’Clock plant is toxic to pets, particularly dogs and cats. The seeds and roots contain toxic compounds that, if ingested, can cause nausea, vomiting, and other digestive issues in animals.
Safe Alternatives for Pet Owners
If you’re looking for a similar plant that is safe for pets, consider Petunia or Snapdragon. Both offer vibrant, colorful blooms and are non-toxic to pets.
Best Practices for Caring for Four O’Clock
The Four O’Clock plant is easy to care for and requires minimal attention once established. Its vibrant blooms make it a beautiful addition to any garden, and with the right care, it will thrive for many seasons.
Watering and Humidity
Four O’Clock plants prefer regular watering, especially during their growing season. Water deeply once a week, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure that the soil is well-draining. This plant does not require high humidity, making it suitable for a variety of climates.
Soil, Light, and Temperature
The Four O’Clock plant thrives in loamy, well-draining soil. While it prefers rich soil, it can adapt to a wide range of conditions, including poor soils. It performs best in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight a day, but it can tolerate partial shade. In terms of temperature, the plant grows well between 65°F and 75°F (18°C – 24°C), but it cannot survive frosty conditions.
Fertilizing
Fertilizing Four O’Clock is simple. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once a month during the growing season (spring to early fall) to promote lush foliage and abundant blooms. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to leggy growth and fewer flowers.
Common Problems and Remedies
While Four O’Clock plants are generally hardy, they can occasionally face problems such as pests or diseases.
- Aphids: These small insects can be managed with insecticidal soap or a blast of water from the hose.
- Root rot: This occurs if the plant is overwatered or planted in poorly draining soil. To avoid this, ensure proper drainage and reduce watering.
Pruning Four O’Clock
Pruning helps keep Four O’Clock plants healthy, encourages new growth, and maintains their shape. The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring before the new growing season begins.
Tools Needed
You will need clean, sharp pruning shears. Always sanitize your tools before and after pruning to avoid spreading diseases. Use a solution of one part bleach to nine parts water for sanitation.
Identify Areas to Trim
Cut back any dead or leggy branches, trimming up to one-third of the plant’s size. This encourages fuller growth and helps keep the plant looking neat.
Deadheading and Shaping
Deadheading, or removing spent flowers, promotes new blooms and extends the flowering season. When shaping the plant, focus on removing any leggy growth to maintain a bushy appearance. Prune damaged or diseased leaves as soon as you notice them to prevent further spread.
Post-Pruning Care
After pruning, water the plant thoroughly and consider adding mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Propagation and Benefits
The easiest way to propagate Four O’Clock is through its seeds. Once the flowers fade, they leave behind black, bead-like seeds that can be collected and replanted. You can also propagate the plant through cuttings, which can be rooted in water or directly in the soil.
In addition to its beauty, the Four O’Clock plant attracts pollinators like hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies, making it a beneficial addition to any garden.
Final Thoughts
Four O’Clock is a versatile, easy-to-grow plant that brings color and fragrance to any garden. Whether grown as a perennial or an annual, it will reward you with abundant blooms year after year. With its low-maintenance care and vibrant flowers, it’s an excellent choice for gardeners looking to add a splash of color to their outdoor space.
